In summary, this report aimed to propose an alternate design solution for the existing two way flat plate reinforced concrete structure of Lower East Side Apartments in Manhattan. The proposed re-design of a steel system with composite beams and girders and concentrically braced frames was designed, analyzed and compared to the existing system. Additionally, a cost estimate was performed to evaluate if a significant cost savings could make the alternate system worthwhile. When looking at all factors that were considered, it was determined that the alternate steel system would not be recommended for a re-design of this building. The occupancy types and bay sizes, along with strict height restrictions in this area of Manhattan, all point towards a two-way flat plate system as the superior design decision that will ultimately provide the best occupant experience at little additional cost to a steel alternative.

The building enclosures re-design combined breadth was more successful the pursuit of a more efficient alternative. Several different glass types and thicknesses were analyzed for daylight transmittance, impact on solar heat gain related cooling loads, and cost to find an alternative that lowered the necessary cooling of the space while maintaining an excellent quality of daylight for the occupants at an equal or lesser material cost. When weighing all options by importance, with cooling load reduction being the primary concern, two alternate design options were selected. For typical windows throughout the building, the 1” VNE1-53, and for protective design considerations, the 1 5/16” VNE24-53 option with a PVB laminate layer proved to be the most efficient options for their respective uses.

Although the re-design did not produce a successful alternate structural system option, the exploration of an alternate system, through many iterations and design decisions, was an incredible learning experience. In both the process of analyzing the existing system and the design of the new one, skills were developed in reading and understanding structural drawings and researching and interpreting concepts not learned in a classroom setting that were both humbling and grew a deeper drive to make an impact in the industry of structural engineering. While much remains to be learned and explored, this project has contributed greatly to the ultimate goal of being a better engineer.